Root Certification Authority

[ ca ]
# Indica que la policy a seguir esta en el apartado CA_default
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /root/ca
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
# Modificamos el nombre del fichero de la base de datos que hemos creado antes
database          = $dir/root-ca-database.txt
serial            = $dir/serial
RANDFILE          = $dir/private/.rand

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = $dir/private/ca.key.pem
certificate       = $dir/certs/ca.cert.pem

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber         = $dir/crlnumber
crl               = $dir/crl/ca.crl.pem
crl_extensions    = crl_ext
default_crl_days  = 365

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
# Aumentamos a SHA512 para mayor seguridad y dificultad de colisiones.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
# Cambiamos la duración del certificado, es la Root CA... vamos a darle 16 años
# es menos seguro, pero también menos trabajo para IT y si tenemos desconectada +
# y bien guardada la Root CA no debería ser problema.
default_days      = 5840
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_strict

[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.

# La idea es que la Root CA solo sirva para firmar SUBCA de la misma empresa
# sin embargo si queremos tener varias subCA, podemos poner el Organization Name y otros
# parametros como optional
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.

countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha512

# Extension to add when the -x509 option is used.
x509_extensions     = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name
localityName                    = Locality Name
0.organizationName              = Organization Name
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name
commonName                      = Common Name
emailAddress                    = Email Address

# Optionally, specify some defaults.
countryName_default             = ES
stateOrProvinceName_default     = Barcelona
localityName_default            = Barcelona
0.organizationName_default      = GRG-CA
#organizationalUnitName_default =
#emailAddress_default           =


[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ usr_cert ]
# Extensions for client certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = client, email
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Client Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth, emailProtection

[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth

[ ocsp ]
# Extension for OCSP signing certificates (`man ocsp`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = critical, OCSPSigning

[ crl_ext ]
# Extension for CRLs (`man x509v3_config`).
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ crl_info ]
URI.0 = http://pki.driverlandia.com/root-ca.crl
URI.1 = https://www.driverlandia.com/pki/root-ca.crl

La CRL no tiene porqué estar alojada en el mismo servidor que las CA, sin embargo si que deben ser accesibles para todos los equipos del entorno. Si hay equipos que se conectan desde otra ruta de Internet (sin VPN), siempre se puede añadir una segunda ruta accesible desde internet para que se pueda consultar la CRL.

Solo será necesario recordar actualizar dichas rutas cada vez que se genere una nueva CRL.

Puede instalar el certificado en la misma Root CA (ya que ella misma ha de fiarse de si misma), sin embargo si va a ser una máquina que siempre va a estar apagada y que no se ha de usar para nada mas que firmar la SUBCA cuando se haya caducado el certificado o haya sido comprometida.

cp /root/ca/certs/root-ca.cert.pem /etc/ssl/certs -v
ln -s /etc/ssl/certs/root-ca.cert.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/root-ca.cert.pem
update-ca-certificates --fresh