Crear PKI Interna

Para crear la PKI interna se ha hecho uso del siguiente manual con ciertas modificaciones

Crear ROOT CA

Inicializar estructura

Cree la estructura de directorios y ficheros que son necesarios para el funcionamiento de la PKI.

mkdir /root/ca
cd /root/ca
mkdir certs crl newcerts private
chmod 700 private
touch root-ca-database.txt
echo 1000 > serial

A continuación cree el fichero de las politicas que va a usar la Root CA.

touch /root/ca/root-ca-openssl.cnf
nano /root/ca/root-ca-openssl.cnf

Se ha cambiado el SHA256 por SHA512, el valor de default_crl_days a 365, el valor de default_days a 5840 y algunos settings del apartado req_distinguished_name.

Parámetro	Valor default	Nuevo valor	Motivo
default_md	sha256	sha512	Reducir el riesgo de colision de hash y por lo tanto aumentar su seguridad
default_bits	2048	4096	Aumentar la seguridad del certificado
default_crl_days	30	365	Evitar tener que generar una CRL cada més
default_days	375	5840	Evitar tener que generar el certificado root cada año

Revise el contenido y copielo en su fichero de configuración (root-ca-openssl.cnf).

[ ca ]
# Indica que la policy a seguir esta en el apartado CA_default
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /root/ca
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
# Modificamos el nombre del fichero de la base de datos que hemos creado antes
database          = $dir/root-ca-database.txt
serial            = $dir/serial
RANDFILE          = $dir/private/.rand

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = $dir/private/ca.key.pem
certificate       = $dir/certs/ca.cert.pem

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber         = $dir/crlnumber
crl               = $dir/crl/ca.crl.pem
crl_extensions    = crl_ext
default_crl_days  = 365

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
# Aumentamos a SHA512 para mayor seguridad y dificultad de colisiones.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
# Cambiamos la duración del certificado, es la Root CA... vamos a darle 16 años
# es menos seguro, pero también menos trabajo para IT y si tenemos desconectada +
# y bien guardada la Root CA no debería ser problema.
default_days      = 5840
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_strict

[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.

# La idea es que la Root CA solo sirva para firmar SUBCA de la misma empresa
# sin embargo si queremos tener varias subCA, podemos poner el Organization Name y otros
# parametros como optional
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.

countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha512

# Extension to add when the -x509 option is used.
x509_extensions     = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]
# See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_signing_request>.
countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name
localityName                    = Locality Name
0.organizationName              = Organization Name
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name
commonName                      = Common Name
emailAddress                    = Email Address

# Optionally, specify some defaults.
countryName_default             = ES
stateOrProvinceName_default     = Barcelona
localityName_default            = Barcelona
0.organizationName_default      = GRG-CA
#organizationalUnitName_default =
#emailAddress_default           =


[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ usr_cert ]
# Extensions for client certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = client, email
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Client Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth, emailProtection

[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth

[ crl_ext ]
# Extension for CRLs (`man x509v3_config`).
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ ocsp ]
# Extension for OCSP signing certificates (`man ocsp`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = critical, OCSPSigning